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COPYING.1
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675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Version 2, June 1991
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
NO WARRANTY
Preamble
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
(at your option) any later version.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
customarily used for software interchange; or,
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
GNU General Public License for more details.
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
received the program in object code or executable form with such
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
Ty Coon, President of Vice
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
address new problems or concerns.
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
along with the Program.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
authors' reputations.
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
circumstances.
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
collective works based on the Program.
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
distribute and/or modify the software.
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
Foundation.
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
impose that choice.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
itself accompanies the executable.
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
modification follow.
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
parties remain in full compliance.
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
Public License instead of this License.
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
rights.
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
the Program or works based on it.
the scope of this License.
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
this License.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
your programs, too.
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to